![]() I’m not sure it’s accurate to say that the iPhone X has the best camera out of all the iPhones. ![]() I have seen other people complain about the difference in the iPhone 8s camera because it has a wide angle lens. The iPhone 8 has a wide angle lens, the iPhone 8s and 8s series have a wide angle lens, and the iPhone X has a wide angle lens. A 16MP camera has a wide angle lens, and a wide angle lens is what the iPhone X has. It’s the difference between an 8MP camera and 16MP camera. That plus the iPhone 8’s camera is one of the reasons why the iPhone X camera is the best camera on the iPhone X and its still better than any camera on the iPhone 8. It takes a while to catch up to the iPhone 8, but the difference is so minimal it barely matters. The iPhone X camera is good for night and day pictures, but it’s a little slow for low light shots. The reason it’s bad is because unlike the iPhone 8, the iPhone X doesn’t have a wide angle lens. It’s not as good as the iPhone 8 camera, but it’s not significantly worse. The iPhone X camera is still more than good enough for what its capable of. It doesn’t need to be the best, it just needs to be consistent. The camera on the iPhone X is also great for night and day pictures. The camera on the iPhone X is great, so its great that it has the camera of the iPhone X. It takes full advantage of the camera’s abilities. Its great that it supports the latest camera technology. I think its great that Apple is making a phone that can do a lot of things well, and not just be a phone. While that is great for the iPhone X, there are some things that even the iPhone X can do better than the iPhone X. The 3xl iPhone X is the current phone with the most pixels in a phone. The good news is that the 3xl iPhone X has the same camera as the X Max and the 6s Plus, and it is also the fastest phone at its price point. If you don’t, youll still be able to use the iPhone X in portrait mode. If you have an iPhone X, you can have it fully-screened. This particular iPhone X is a full-on-full-screen device. However, I think you don’t realize what this particular iPhone X is that you’re so jealous of. ![]() So, I can see you’re a bit on the jealous side when it comes to the iPhone X. ![]()
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![]() ![]() It’s perfect for merging multiple communications channels into one place. Some of you might feel like another phone number is the last thing you want.īut a Google Voice number may be the last number you ever need. Regardless of your situation, Google Voice simplifies everything if you have multiple phone lines. The solution is trusted by sole proprietors, small business owners, and large organizations alike. It’s an easy way for people to manage business calls, personal calls, and landlines. With Google Voice, you can forward all of these lines to a single number, allowing you to answer calls from different numbers on a single device. Some people even have a second cell phone number for business use, and others have some combination of these situations. Others might have a dedicated landline at their home or office. If you’re already doing a lot of work within Google Workspace, Google Voice is a great add-on that simplifies the way you manage multiple phone numbers.Īt a minimum, most people have a personal cell phone number. Reach out to Ooma today to receive a free quote for the services and features you need. If you select Ooma as your VoIP provider, you often can make use of your existing communications equipment, saving you money and simplifying the setup process. When you subscribe to Nextiva, you receive the ability to adjust your subscription plan’s features to match your growing needs. Nextiva is our top selection among VoIP providers, as it has outstanding call quality for both incoming and outgoing calls, while featuring a great value in its starter-level plan. These Google Voice alternatives have quite a few strengths. We studied more than a dozen VoIP service providers before narrowing our list to the best options for the majority of users. What Are the Best Tools for VoIP Phone Services?įor those who need more features that what Google Voice provides, our list of the best VoIP phone services and providers contains some solid contenders that may fit your situation better. Keep reading to learn more about it, who should use it, the infrastructure you need, how it works, and how to get started in the next 30 minutes. If you’re nodding your head in agreement, Google Voice is an excellent lightweight VoIP alternative. Nextiva’s reliability, feature-set, and price point make it our top pick, but that doesn’t mean it’s right for everyone-particularly if you don’t need all of those bonus features. ![]() It also works well as one of the best hosted phone systems working with VoIP technology. It’s a comprehensive VoIP solution for businesses of all sizes, including brand new startups to Fortune 500 companies. ![]() You can easily connect and disconnect with a click.As is an all-in-one business communications platform, it encompasses video conferencing, business SMS, online faxing, and a whole lot more. ExpressVPN, I recommend because their extension is very easy to use and require no configuration. This is needed because you cannot log-in to Google Voice from other country. Get, download and install ExpressVPN (make sure you download its Chrome or Firefox extension and connect US IP address). This procedure won’t take more than 6-7 minutes.Ģ. I activated it from Australia but the same process work with other region as well.ġ. There are some easy trick that will help you get Google voice from outside the US. How to Get Google Voice Number Outside the US? While Google Voice is a free service, all you need is to be in the US to make calls and send text messages (your laptop or smartphone must have US IP address) and you also need a US local number in order to activate your Google Voice number. The Google Voice is a free service that lets you make calls and send text messages to anyone with regular phone numbers from the laptop or smart phone. ![]() ![]() ![]() Jewett’s teammate Roger Sherman recalled an incident from the 1890 game at Albion: Jewett’s presence “was resented by both the Albion team and the spectators.” Albion tried to lure Jewett into a violation that would get him thrown off the field. (Oberlin, to this day, still claims to have won the game.)ĭespite his prowess on the field and in the classroom, Jewett’s skin color did not go unnoticed. Michigan, however, argued that there were still minutes left on the clock, owing to unaccounted for time-outs during the match.Īs Oberlin’s players celebrated and left field, Michigan centered the ball and Jewett walked it to the end zone unopposed, winning the game for Michigan 26-24. With the visitors holding a two-point lead, Oberlin claimed time had expired. As was the practice of the day, teams agreed that the game would end at a specific time-in this case 4:50, which would allow Oberlin time to catch their train. In a particularly memorable game with Oberlin’s undefeated 1892 team-coached by the legendary John Heisman-Jewett scored four of Michigan’s touchdowns. A newspaper during Jewett’s time described him as “a brilliant player who stands punishment with indifference.” Later, his former teammate Ralph Stone would recall that although Jewett was modest and friendly off the field, when he played, he possessed a strength far beyond expectation: “Without the benefit of blockers to clear a path for him, he could dodge, wriggle, twist, pivot, and whirl through the opposing team, as well as the modern number-one, All-American back could do with the help of a mighty bulk of human flesh to block for him,” Stone wrote in 1954. Some who saw Jewett play believed he should be ranked with Heston and Harmon among Michigan’s all-time greats. He was both a terror on defense, and an outstanding runner on offense. In just two seasons, 18, he started as both a fullback and halfback, and was Michigan’s top scorer, rusher, and kicker during his reign. Jewett was Michigan’s first black football player and ultimately one of its greatest stars. But his stellar academic record is overshadowed by his athletic achievements. By all accounts, he was well-liked, and an excellent student. Jewett, the son of a blacksmith who came to Ann Arbor around 1868, came to the University of Michigan in 1890, enrolling in the Lit School, but hoping to study medicine. ![]() He was also an African American, living during the time when Jim Crow was tightening its grip on the country. He was the fastest sprinter in the Midwest, and could hold a conversation in four languages. ![]() He’d captained both the football and baseball teams there-as well as the debate club. Intelligent, driven, and athletically blessed, George Jewett was a classic all-American: He’d been valedictorian of Ann Arbor High School. To help celebrate U-M’s Bicentennial, the Bentley continues its series of stories about “firsts” in Michigan’s history, including U-M’s first African American football letterman. It was a pleasure to have Dametrius Walker with us today to get a tour of the facilities and to score his first career touchdown! Keep fighting, Meechie, the entire program is with you! George Jewett A look at the achievements of Michigan’s first African American football letterman. He was invited to be down on the field for their opening game day against Colorado State at noon on Saturday, Sept. This won’t be the last you hear from Meechie and his newfound connection with Michigan football. This was a big community effort – a huge thank you goes to Michigan football, The M Den, Kensington Hotel Ann Arbor, Pizza House, Ruth’s Chris Steak House Ann Arbor and Zingerman’s Community of Businesses for making this day so special for Meechie Walker and his family. This past weekend, Hospice of Michigan helped him score an invite to a team practice at The Big House, where Wolverines head coach Jim Harbaugh honored Meechie by not only having him meet the team – but by helping him score his first and only college football touchdown. ![]() ![]() ![]() #BREAKING: Mainland China forbids the commercial use of mobile payment apps WeChat Pay and Alipay for money collection, starting on March 1, in order to prevent identity theft and embezzlement via such platform, People’s Bank of China announced.- Ezra Cheung November 26, 2021īut this isn’t happening quite yet. The reality of the situation on the ground is much more mundane. Instead, the PBoC is mandating that businesses only use business payment codes instead of personal ones - a common scheme for small family-run businesses. “The government has decided to strengthen supervision due to the hidden risks of personal payment barcodes. “This not only confuses the nature of the transaction, but also leads to the distortion of transaction information, which affects risk monitoring.” For example, some institutions use barcode transfer services for personal receipts to handle large-scale ,” Tony Ling, a partner at China-based Bizantine Capital, wrote in a note to Blockworks. Ling also added that the use of personal payment codes was a common scheme for laundering funds from underground casinos. Underground casinos would often recruit people to rent their personal payment code to the casino in order to launder funds, in exchange for a cut of the proceeds. Part of the reason why this announcement generated such considerable interest is because of the expectation that eCNY will eventually replace the payment rails offered by WeChat Pay and AliPay. Given the two apps popularity in China they control a significant amount of the supply of M2, or commercial bank money. This is problematic for any central banker, as they cannot exert the same amount of control on M2 as they can on cash.Īs the People’s Bank of China whitepaper on eCNY explains, the “eCNY will provide the public with a new interoperable way of payment, which will further diversify payment instruments and make the payment system more efficient and safer. The Chinese authorities support coordinated development of various payment methods.”ĭuring a panel on the topic earlier this year at CoinDesk’s Consensus conference, Yaya Fanusie, a Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, and former CIA counter terror financing analyst, pointed out that China’s push for a CBDC via the eCNY is about gathering as much data as possible - to combat things like tax evasion and illegal gambling amongst other things. “You’re creating architecture that gives the government a little bit more insight into transactions.” The key thing here is that the central bank is, I think, inserting itself more into the payment architecture,” he said during the panel. Tới mon 5.2022, Thâm Quyến lại phân phối thêm 30 triệu e-CNY cho tất cả những người dân địa phương vào một công tác khuyến mại cộng đồng cùng với nền. Hồ Chí Minh thử nghiệm không giống cũng được áp dụng theo mô phỏng này và chiếm được lợi nhuận khổng lồ. ![]() Hồ Chí Minh thử nghiệm đi đầu, vẫn phân phạt 10 triệu e-CNY mang lại công bọn chúng nhằm rất có thể đầu tư trên cụm mái ấm sản phẩm và cửa ngõ hiệu. Ngay kể từ mon 10.2020, Thâm Quyến, một trong những những TP. PBoC đang được xúc tiến tiếp thị đồng e-CNY. Trung Quốc đang được không ngừng mở rộng dùng đồng e-CNY ![]() Ông Mạc cũng nhấn mạnh vấn đề, đấy là một loại chi phí hợp lí tại PBoC tạo ra và được chính phủ nước nhà tư vấn, tiềm năng đưa ra là làm công việc mang lại đồng e-CNY chóng vánh đạt được trải qua tương tự động như vớ cả những khí cụ giao dịch không giống bên trên thị ngôi trường. Ông Mạc Trường Xuân, Viện trưởng Viện Nghiên cứu vãn Tiền Chuyên môn số của PBoC, cho biết thêm thông tin mục đích sử dụng chủ yếu của công tác test nghiệm là kiến tạo niềm tin vào uy tín và dễ dàng dùng của đồng e-CNY. Hồ Chí Minh và phòng nằm trong 15 tỉnh, TP. Hiện trên, đồng xu này đang rất được test nghiệm trên 23 TP. Trên một buổi họp vào thời điểm đầu tháng 8, Ngân sản phẩm Trung ương Trung Quốc (PBoC) tuyên cha tiếp tục không ngừng mở rộng không chỉ có thế việc test nghiệm đồng quần chúng tệ nghệ thuật số (e-CNY). ![]() Thách thức cùng với chi phí nghệ thuật số của Trung Quốc ![]() ![]() ![]() Sales tax will be collected on the total, if applicable. No Buyers Premium will be charged to onsite buyers. Buyer's Premium & Sales Tax: There is a 15% buyer's premium plus a 5% Live Fee added to your total purchase for Online Bidding only. Bidders are encouraged to attend the scheduled inspection.Ģ. Printed statements or descriptions by staff are provided in good faith and are matters of opinion. All property is sold 'as-is' and it is the bidder's responsibility to determine the exact condition of each item. Catalog: Dinky's Auction Center has put forth every effort in preparing the catalog for this auction to provide accurate descriptions of all items. The auction company is not responsible for accidents, thefts, errors or omissions.ġ. ![]() All statements made prior to the sale of any item take precedence over written material and any prior verbal statements. We reserve the right to refuse service to anyone. Buyers assume complete responsibility for care of each purchase at time of sale. ![]() Purchases may be removed upon receipt of payment in full. No credit card charge backs will be allowed. Due diligence is the responsibility of the bidder/buyer. All lots are sold as is, where is, with all faults, imperfections and errors of description. General Terms of the Auction: Information is subject to change. BY BIDDING ON THIS AUCTION, BUYER AGREES TO ALL TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH AND ENTERS INTO A CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT TO PURCHASE THE ITEMS(S) UNDER THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS: IF YOU HAVE NOT READ AND UNDERSTAND THESE TERMS, PLEASE DO NOT BID. PLEASE READ AND REVIEW THE TERMS THOROUGHLY PRIOR TO BIDDING. ![]() ![]() ![]() Using the previous example, if you’re going after plumbers and your sequence or service offered isn’t specific to “rooter services” then don’t worry about using that keyword! If you would service them, then include 1 to 10, and 51 to 200 employees.Įven if people respond with interest that you truly cannot help, it doesn’t mean you can’t help them with something or that you can’t help them completely later on. So if a company has 10 employees – you wouldn’t service them? So you want to be able to get specific and dialed in, yet at the same time not limit yourself.Ī good rule of thumb to determine if you’re going too far into the weeds would be, “does this change my email messages to them?”įor example, we see users all the time that limit their search criteria to say 11 to 50 employees. This will limit how many people you can reach out to consistently. You want to be careful you don’t go TOO far into the weeds though.įor example, if your results are in the hundreds then you’ve probably gone too far. So be sure that when you have two or more words that go together, you put them in quotes! Expanding Your So it is literally looking for “property” or “management” or “manager”. ![]() It is important to note that this is NOT the same as:Įven though two separate tags are an “OR” statement, there aren’t any quotes being used. If we were looking for Property Managers, our tags might look like this:Įach tag is basically automatically adding the OR statement. So if I wanted “rooter services” for example it would look like: It’s important to note that you need to capitalize the “OR” and “AND” statements.Īlso, if you wanted multiple words, you would want to put them into quotes. So I would use the keyword field in this way: Optionally, I could try and narrow this further down to say I only want owners of plumbing companies that also offer “rooter services”. This is searching what the end-user might put as a company description, their bio on social media sites, etc. So now this search is looking for all of those owner-level job titles AND either plumber, plumbing, or plumbers in their description. They would consider themselves the owner, so you would want to use the Role option in conjunction with the “Keywords” field like this: They don’t always call themselves “plumbers”. ![]() Say I’m looking specifically for owners of plumbing companies. Using some real-life examples, we’ll show you how to get the most of out LeadFuze boolean search possibilities. You would need quotes if the negative term is multiple words. In order to put in negative keywords, you literally just put a “-” in front of the term (with no space). Without the negative titles, you might see results for “Assistant to the CEO” or Vice Presidents for example. This means anyone with a job title including “assistant” or “intern” or “secretary” won’t show up in the search results. The next thing that’s happening is it’s using “negative keywords”. You may want to add additional titles like “Owner / CEO” or “Owner & CEO” or whatever other titles you think are relevant. So it’s looking for contacts in our database with the title Founder OR Owner OR CEO, etc. The nice thing is that LeadFuze automatically does this for you across many different job functions (such as Owner, Marketing Manager, Sales Manager, etc).įor example, if you select the “Owner” role, we’re automatically pulling in the following title options:īasically, every title is an “OR” statement. Using a boolean search, you are able to search for a combination of keywords, titles, contact descriptions, and more. LeadFuze makes it possible to find just about everyone if you know how to use the granular boolean search option! Information is POWER! If you want to use this power this 2021 and in the coming years, you must become a master of the boolean search. ![]() ![]() ![]() If you are looking for a tool with which you can remove adware that has settled on your computer against your will, I suggest you download Bitdefender Adware Removal Tool, which uses award-winning Bitdefender technology, to your Windows PC. In this way, your applications that you use frequently but appear as adware are not deleted from the system. ![]() Instead, risky applications appear as a list and you can remove the ones you want. Applications containing adware as a result of scanning are not automatically removed. It needs to be noted that Bitdefender Antivirus suites - such as Total Security or Internet Security do have an in-built anti-adware protection. It protects your smartphone and tablet against viruses, malware and. At this point, I would like to talk about one aspect of the vehicle that I like. Bitdefender Mobile Security & Antivirus is the most powerful antivirus app for Android. However, you can still remove adware from other OS like macOS, Android, and iOS using Bitdefender’s paid antivirus suite. With Bitdefender Adware Removal Tool, a security tool designed to work on all Windows operating systems from Windows XP to Windows 10, you can delete adware in just 3 steps without the need for any technical knowledge. Bitdefender offers a free adware removal tool for Windows PC. Moreover, you do not need to do anything other than restart your computer for this. After you have added all the locations you want to decrypt to the list, click the Decrypt button to start the decryption process. This small tool, which you can download and use instantly, not only automatically scans your system and notifies you when it finds any malicious software completely removes the malware from your system. I recommend you to use Bitdefender Adware Removal Tool if you are in trouble with adware (Adware) that works silently in the system, such as displaying advertisements on your computer, directing you to advertisement websites while searching on Google, and collecting data. This tool, which detects and removes adware after a short scan, requires no installation. Download Bitdefender Adware Removal Tool,īitdefender Adware Removal Tool is a security tool that detects and removes adware, unwanted toolbars and browser plug-ins, malicious software that infects your Windows PC, and you can download and use it for free. ![]() ![]() ![]() Press the Windows and R keys on your keyboard at the same time.Update display adapter driver automatically If you’re uncertain, try searching on Google, or contact the customer service of your manufacturer. Note : Always make sure that you’re always downloading and installing the correct driver that matches your graphics card. You might be prompted to restart your device. Download and install the latest driver by double-clicking on the downloaded file and follow the on-screen instructions.Find your graphics card model using the provided search tools, and download its newest driver.Here are some of the most common manufacturers’ web pages where you can find driver downloads: Go to the corresponding manufacturer’s website, and then navigate to their download page.Under Device, take note of the name and manufacturer of your graphics card.This is the shortcut to reach the DirectX Diagnostics tool, which allows you to view information about your system.Type in “ dxdiag ” without the quotation marks, and press the OK button. Check the type of graphics card you’re using:.Your NVIDIA display driver being outdated or damaged may have led to the Control Panel missing. Especially after major Windows 10 updates, compatibility issues can appear and cause all sorts of errors. It's extremely important that your graphics card driver is always up-to-date. After you restarted all of the NVIDIA services, check if you can see the panel in your system tray or desktop context menu.Repeat the step above for the following services: NVIDIA LocalSystem Container, NVIDIA NetworkService Container, and NVIDIA Telemetry Container.Right-click on it, and select Restart from the context menu. Locate the “ NVIDIA Display Container LS ” service from the list.Type in “ services.msc ” without the quotation marks and press the Enter key on your keyboard.This is going to bring up the Run utility. Press the Windows + R keys on your keyboard.Luckily, this is something you can fix and prevent with the same steps below. If these services are stopped, your software most likely won’t function as intended. NVIDIA installs some necessary services onto your system. Wait a few seconds and open the NVIDIA Control Panel.Select the NVIDIA Control Panel and click on the End task button in the bottom-right of the window.Right-click on an empty space in your taskbar and choose Task Manager. ![]() The first thing to try is simply quitting the NVIDIA Control Panel task entirely, and then trying to re-open the application. Use the following methods to solve the NVIDIA Control Penal not opening on Windows problem: Method 1. Solved: NVIDIA Control Panel not opening on Windows You can, for example, enable or disable antialiasing, texture filtering, and VSync. It allows you to get deep into customizing how your system handles rendering 3D elements. This software is especially useful for people who work with 3D applications, or Windows gamers. It allows you to gain deeper control over your settings, such as your resolution, color correction, and 3D application settings. The NVIDIA Control Panel should be installed on your device as soon as you acquire the necessary drivers to operate your NVIDIA graphics card. “The NVIDIA Control Panel provides control of NVIDIA graphics driver settings as well as other NVIDIA utilities that you might have installed on your system.” - from NVIDIA Control Panel Help So, what can you do to be able to open the NVIDIA Control panel? Continue reading to find out. It also implies that something is definitely wrong with your NVIDIA installations, or your system itself. If this panel is not reachable, you might be in trouble: you’ll miss out on optimization options, customization, and possible performance gain. It allows you to dig deep into the controls of your card and customize its performance on a system-level. Your antivirus might be interfering with the app, so consider checking its settings or disabling it.įor systems running with an NVIDIA branded graphics card, the NVIDIA Control Panel is a necessity. ![]() This is a useful tool dedicated to managing various settings related to your graphics card. Are you currently struggling with the NVIDIA Control Panel not opening on Windows? If the NVIDIA Control Panel won't open, this could be the result of outdated drivers, Windows updates, or hung processes. ![]() ![]() Route from the public entrance to the registration area Wheelchair maneuvering clearance: 84 inchesĭistance from parking: 1 block away from the hotel Our property descriptions aim to allow any visitor to make an informed decision on whether the hotel is an appropriate choice for their needs. The M Social Times Square Hotel is ADA compliant in accordance with the construction statutes of the ADA (Department of Justice ADA Title III Regulation 28 CFR Part 36, 1991). We invite you to review further public accessibility information directly from Facebook, Youtube, Twitter and Instagram. The M Social Times Square website may contain material from social media sites such as Facebook and Youtube, which are used to share additional content about our property, facilities and services. Please contact us at or call 21 with a description of the issue you encountered and your contact information. If you experience any difficulty accessing or navigating our website or have any accessibility-related questions or comments, we are listening. We actively work to maintain, assess and improve the usability and accessibility of our website through training of our personnel, engagement of experts and regular testing of our digital accessibility. We strive to provide online content that provides an excellent user experience for visitors of all abilities. The M Social Times Square (sometimes hereinafter referred to as “Hotel”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) is dedicated to providing exceptional service to guests of all abilities. ![]() ![]() ![]() Madsen & Ziolkowski 1990 Jahandari & Farquharson 2014) methods. 2013 Grayver & Bürg 2014) or finite volume (FV see e.g. Wang & Hohmann 1993 Streich 2009 Cherevatova et al. 2006 Kruglyakov & Kuvshinov 2018 Liu et al. Most developed 3-D EM forward codes use one of the following numerical approaches to obtain a solution to the forward problem, namely the integral equation (IE see e.g. In other words, accurate, efficient and robust forward modelling routines are crucial. One of the key factors for the high computational costs is the expensive solution of the 3-D EM forward modelling problem of large-scale and geologically complex settings, which has to be solved numerous times throughout the inversion process. In spite of these advances, 3-D inverse modelling still remains a challenging and computationally demanding task. The availability of high-performance computing facilities has enabled the processing of increasingly larger data sets (Newman 2014). review papers by Avdeev 2005 Commer & Newman 2008 Börner 2010 Streich 2016 Miensopust 2017) due to improvements in computational resources, especially in terms of speed and memory capabilities and development in numerical methods. Reliable interpretation of that data relies on fast, efficient and robust discretization and solution techniques.įorward and inverse modelling of EM data has undergone steady progress ( cf. Large amounts of high-quality 3-D EM data have been acquired in various complex geological settings, such as surveying areas with rough terrains. Thus, EM methods have been more widely used in geophysical surveys related to hydrocarbon (Constable & Srnka 2007 Streich 2016 Patro 2017), mineral (Oldenburg & Pratt 2007 Farquharson & Craven 2009 Kalscheuer et al. ![]() In the last few decades, the increasing importance of electromagnetic (EM) methods has been substantially driven by huge improvements in both instrumentation and data processing techniques. To our knowledge, our final example that includes pronounced surface topography and two geometrically complicated conductive anomalies represents the first successful attempt at using 2nd order hexahedral elements supporting curved edges and non-planar faces in controlled-source EM geophysics.Ĭontrolled source electromagnetics (CSEM), Electromagnetic theory, Numerical modelling 1 INTRODUCTION The presented numerical experiments give evidence that 2nd and 3rd degree polynomials in combination with moderately discretized meshes provide better trade-offs in terms of computational resources and accuracy than lowest and higher order spectral element methods. A convergence study illuminates the relation between high order polynomial approximation and mesh size and their effects on accuracy and computational cost revealing that high-order approximation yields accurate modelling results for very coarse meshes but is accompanied by high computational cost. Comparisons to semi-analytical and finite element results confirm accurate representation of the EM responses and indicate low dependency on mesh discretization for the spectral element method. Five numerical examples comprehensively study the benefits of this algorithm. The resulting complex-valued linear system of equations is solved using the direct solver MUMPS, and, subsequently, the magnetic field is computed at the points of interest by Faraday’s law. The total electric field on the elements is expanded in terms of high-order Lagrangian interpolants, and element-wise integration in the weak form of the boundary value problem is accomplished by Gauss–Legendre–Lobatto quadrature. As a further improvement over existing spectral element methods, our approach does not only allow for arbitrary distributions of conductivity, but also of magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity. Combining unstructured grids and a total field formulation provides advantages in dealing with topography, in particular, when the transmitter is located on rough surface topography. Our code is the first spectral element algorithm in EM geophysics that uses the total field formulation (here that of the electric field). Complex-shaped structures and topography are accommodated by using unstructured hexahedral meshes, in which the elements can have curved edges and non-planar faces. For forward modelling of realistic 3-D land-based controlled-source electromagnetic (EM) problems, we develop a parallel spectral element approach, blending the flexibility and versatility of the finite element method in using unstructured grids with the accuracy of the spectral method. ![]() |
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